Nowadays, both experimental and computational research on the turbulent convective heat transfer to supercritical fluids is particularly active, especially because the actual poor comprehension and prediction of the possible heat transfer deterioration is limiting the design of new promising engineering applications. In this review, such applications, among which supercritical water-cooled nuclear reactors, supercritical CO2 power generation cycles, and oxygen/methane-fuel rocket engines, are firstly introduced. Then, after a phenomenological description of the heat transfer deterioration, the status of the research is analysed in details, highlighting the major advantages and limitations of both experimental and computational studies performed so far. The review demonstrates that experimental research is mostly focused on finding simple heat transfer correlations rather than detailed models. Also detailed numerical insight of the problem is still almost unexplored. The main conclusion is that new approaches, possibly integrating extensive experiments and computations, are needed to shed new light on the problem of heat transfer to supercritical fluids. © 2018

We present 294 pulsars found in GeV data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Another 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) discovered in deep radio searches of LAT sources will likely reveal pulsations once phase-connected rotation ephemerides are achieved. A further dozen optical and/or X-ray binary systems colocated with LAT sources also likely harbor gamma-ray MSPs. This catalog thus reports roughly 340 gamma-ray pulsars and candidates, 10% of all known pulsars, compared to ≤11 known before Fermi. Half of the gamma-ray pulsars are young. Of these, the half that are undetected in radio have a broader Galactic latitude distribution than the young radio-loud pulsars. The others are MSPs, with six undetected in radio. Overall, ≥236 are bright enough above 50 MeV to fit the pulse profile, the energy spectrum, or both. For the common two-peaked profiles, the gamma-ray peak closest to the magnetic pole crossing generally has a softer spectrum. The spectral energy distributions tend to narrow as the spindown power E ̇ decreases to its observed minimum near 1033 erg s−1, approaching the shape for synchrotron radiation from monoenergetic electrons. We calculate gamma-ray luminosities when distances are available. Our all-sky gamma-ray sensitivity map is useful for population syntheses. The electronic catalog version provides gamma-ray pulsar ephemerides, properties, and fit results to guide and be compared with modeling results. © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.